Dylematy związane z zagospodarowywaniem nadwyżek środków pieniężnych przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce

The aim of the article is a comparative assessment of the possibilities related to effective investments of cash surpluses by companies in Poland and the risk connected with this process. Heads responsible in companies for investments of cash surpluses have a wide range of possibilities to invest in different financial instruments and to secure financial liquidity. The most popular solution among business entities all the time are banking deposits which are distinguished by low risk profile, lack of transaction costs but also offering low return on investment. Nevertheless, deposits for one month and longer were able in the years 2012–2014 to generate interests exceeding inflation. Wide range of possibilities is offered by other financial institutions than banks but in case of the money market and capital market instruments higher risk should be taken into account. Each time such an investment should be previously analyzed, because as it is described in the article, also investments in commonly perceived as low risk profile instruments, i.e. debt securities of blue chips or money market funds, can generate losses. A developed analysis of transaction costs in such instruments is also necessary. Even in the case of similar instruments the costs can be different, changing this way significantly level of profitability of the investment. Also services of asset management companies should be taken into consideration but the solution needs significant amounts of cash.